Sequencing the Neanderthal Genome

Sequencing the Neanderthal Genome

Introduction: Neanderthals are our closest extinct relatives. They lived in Europe and Asia before disappearing around 40,000 years ago. For a long time, all we knew about them came from their bones and the tools they left behind. But now, thanks to modern science, we can read their DNA.

What did the study find? Researchers took a tiny piece of a Neanderthal bone and used advanced techniques to extract its DNA. They then read this DNA, letter by letter, to create a complete Neanderthal genome. This is like reading a book that tells the story of Neanderthal life, health, and evolution.

Why is this important? By comparing the Neanderthal genome to our own, scientists discovered that modern humans and Neanderthals share a common ancestor. We're like distant cousins! The study also found that some people today, especially those outside Africa, have a small percentage of Neanderthal DNA. This means that our ancestors and Neanderthals might have had children together.

Differences and Similarities: While we have a lot in common with Neanderthals, there are also key differences. Some of these differences might explain why we survived, and they did not. For example, genes related to cognitive function, bone structure, and skin hair are different between us and Neanderthals.

Conclusion: The Neanderthal genome project is a perfect example of how old bones and new technology can come together to tell a fascinating story. It helps us understand our past, our connection to the Neanderthals, and what it means to be human. Source